Profile: Malala Yousafzai
- 10 December 2014
- Asia
It has only been five years since Pakistani schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai wrote an anonymous diary about life under Taliban rule in north-west Pakistan.
Since then she has been shot in the head by the militants, and has become the youngest person ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Accepting the award in Oslo on 10 December, she said she was "humbled" and proud to be the first Pashtun and the first Pakistani to win the prize. She also joked that she was probably the first winner who still fought with her younger brothers.
Malala Yousafzai first came to public attention through that heartfelt diary, published on BBC Urdu, which chronicled her desire to remain in education and for girls to have the chance to be educated.
When she was shot in the head in October 2012 by a Taliban gunman, she was already well known in Pakistan, but that one shocking act catapulted her to international fame.
She survived the dramatic assault, in which a militant boarded her school bus in Pakistan's north-western Swat valley and opened fire, wounding two of her school friends as well.
The story of her recovery - from delicate surgery at a Pakistani military hospital to further operations and rehabilitation in the UK, and afterwards as she took her campaign global - has been closely tracked by the world's media.
She was discharged from hospital in January 2013 and her life now is unimaginably different to anything she may have envisaged when she was an anonymous voice chronicling the fears of schoolgirls under the shadow of the Taliban.
She was named one of TIME magazine's most influential people in 2013, put forward for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013, won the European Parliament's Sakharov price for Freedom of Thought and her autobiography "I Am Malala" was released last year, and reversioned for younger audiences.
Malala was only 11 years old when her anonymous diary captivated audiences. She wrote under a pseudonym - Gul Makai, the name of a heroine from a Pashtun folk tale.
Militants destroyed scores of girls schools in the time the Taliban wielded power over the valley. They had an implacable attitude to female education and this was Malala's primary concern.
In January 2009, as the school was closing for winter holiday she wrote: "The girls were not too excited about vacations because they knew if the Taliban implemented their edict [banning girls' education] they would not be able to come to school again. I am of the view that the school will one day reopen but while leaving I looked at the building as if I would not come here again."
She documented the anxiety she and her friends felt as they saw students dropping away from class for fear of being targeted by militants, and as the girls began to attend school in plain clothes not uniform, so as not to draw attention to themselves.
Eventually, Malala and her family, like many thousands of other Swat residents, fled the valley when a government military operation attempted to clear the region of militancy.
Passionate campaigner
Malala consistently received support and encouragement in her activism from her parents. The idea for the blog was even that of her father Ziauddin, who ran a local private school.
In a lengthy profile published in Vanity Fair magazine, one teacher from Swat said that her father "encouraged Malala to speak freely and learn everything she could".
And her identity as the girl blogger from Swat eventually became known as she became more vocal on the subject of the right of girls to education. It is a subject she never ceased to be passionate about even after she returned home once the militants had been run out of Swat.
In 2009 a documentary film was even made about her. Many more honours followed: in 2011 she was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize by The KidsRights Foundation and in 2012 the Pakistani government awarded her the National Peace Award - subsequently renamed the National Malala Peace Prize - for those under 18 years old.
She even confronted then US special envoy to the region, Richard Holbrooke, urging him to do something about the state of affairs for women who want an education.
When she finally returned to Swat, Malala took advantage of the improved security and went back to school. Malala and her family were the subject of threats and it was on 9 October 2012 that these were borne out.
The Taliban said that they targeted her for "promoting secular education" and threatened to attack her again.
Back at school
Image caption
In the end, Malala remains a school girl determined to complete her education
The bullet hit Malala's left brow and instead of penetrating her skull it travelled underneath the skin, the length of the side of her head and into her shoulder.
Amid the outpouring of global support she was flown to the UK and at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in the city of Birmingham she received specialist treatment and had a titanium plate fitted as well as a cochlear implant in her skull to help her hear.
She began attending Edgbaston High School in March and her father has been given a job with the Pakistani consulate in Birmingham for three years.
But she has continued her campaign and taken it around the world.
A fund set up in her name helps children in education around the world. Among other trips, she has travelled to Nigeria, meeting President Goodluck Jonathan to press for action to free the 200 girls held by Boko Haram Islamist militants.
It is all a far cry from the girl who wrote in her diary only four years ago: "Today, I also read my diary written for the BBC in Urdu. My mother liked my pen name Gul Makai. I also like the name because my real name means 'grief stricken'."
FRAGMENTOS EXTRAÍDOS DEL BLOG DE MALALA
El blog de Malala Yousafzai, la joven que se atrevió a criticar al Talibán
- 10 octubre 2012
Malala Yousafzai sólo tenía 11 años cuando comenzó a escribir para la BBC su blog sobre la vida en el Valle de Swat, dos años después de que el Talibán llegara al poder y ordenase que las escuelas de niñas cerrasen.
En el diario, que publicó en el servicio urdu de la BBC bajo el seudónimo de Gul Makai, relataba el sufrimiento que provocaba el Talibán.
Cuando la identidad de Yousafzai se reveló, una vez que el Talibán estaba fuera del poder, la joven ganó un premio nacional por su valentía y fue nominada al premio infantil internacional de la paz.
A continuación, algunos extractos del blog.
Sábado 3 de enero. Tengo miedo
Tuve un sueño terrible anoche en el que había helicópteros del Ejército y talibanes. Tengo esos sueños desde que se lanzó la operación militar en el Swat. Fui a la escuela con miedo porque el Talibán había emitido un edicto en el que prohíbe que las niñas vayamos a la escuela. (…) Mis tres amigas se fueron con sus familias a Peshawar, Lahore y Rawalpindi después del edicto. (…) Mientras iba a la escuela escuché a un hombre decir "Te voy a matar'. Apuré el paso y cuando miré hacia atrás el hombre venía detrás de mí. Pero, para mi gran alivio, él estaba hablando por teléfono así que debía estar amenazando a alguna otra persona.
Domingo 4 de enero: Debo ir a la escuela
Hoy me levanté tarde, a eso de las 10 de la mañana. Antes de la operación militar solíamos ir de picnic los domingos. Pero ahora la situación es tan mala que no hacemos un picnic hace más de un año y medio. (…) Hoy hice tareas del hogar y jugué con mi hermano. Pero el corazón me latía rápido porque mañana tengo que ir a la escuela.
Lunes 5 de enero: No uses vestidos de colores
Me estaba vistiendo para ir a la escuela y me iba a poner el uniforme pero me acirdé de que la directora nos había dicho que no usáramos el uniforme sino nuestra ropa habitual. Así que me puse mi vestido rosa favorito. (…) Más tarde, en la escuela, nos dijeron que no usáramos ropa de colores porque el Talibán no estaría de acuerdo.
Miércoles 7 de enero: Ni fuego ni temor
Vine a Bunaria a pasar Muharram (día de fiesta musulmán). Me encanta Bunair por sus montañas y exuberantes campos verdes. Mi Swat también es muy hermoso, pero no hay paz. En Bunair hay paz y tranquilidad. Tampoco hay fuego ni temor alguno. Todos estamos muy contentos.
Miércoles 14 de enero: Quizás no vaya más a la escuela
Hoy estaba de mal humor mientras va a la escuela porque mañana empiezan las vacaciones de invierno. El director anunció las vacaciones, pero no mencionó la fecha en que la escuela volverá a abrir. Es la primera vez que ocurre esto.En el pasado la fecha de reapertura fue anunciada siempre con claridad. (…) Mi conjetura es que el Talibán va a prohibir la educación de las niñas desde el 15 de enero.(…) Como hoy era el último día de nuestra escuela, hemos decidido jugar en el patio un poco más.
Jueves 15 de enero: Noche de disparos
Hubo disparos de artillería toda la noche y me desperté tres veces. Pero como no había escuela, me levanté más tarde, a las 10. (…) Hoy leí mi diario escrito para la BBC (en urdu) y publicado en el periódico.
A mi madre le gusta mi seudónimo 'Gul Makai' y le dijo a mi padre, ¿por qué no cambiarnos su nombre por el de Gul Makai? A mí también me gusta, porque mi nombre verdadero significa "dolor afligido".
Mi padre me contó que hace unos días alguien le trajo un copia impresa de este diario diciendo lo maravilloso que era. Mi padre sonrió, pero ni siquiera podía decir que eso había sido escrito por su hija.
http://www.malala-yousafzai.com/
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Muy buen trabajo Manuel! Una corrección la tercer foto no tiene imagen!
ResponderEliminarBuen trabajo Manuel!!
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